Organ dependency variation of the chemical composition of Ziziphus lotus volatile fractions
Keywords:
Ziziphus lotus, Essential oil, Apocarotenoid, Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, Fatty acids, GC-MS/GC-FID
Abstract
The extended application fields of the essential oils keep them a subject of interest. In this study, we investigated the aerial part essential oil and the fruit essential oil of the wild plant Ziziphus lotus, collected from the southern region of Tunisia. These essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus showed an extraction yield of 0.013% and 0.0046% respectively. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples using GC-MS/GC-FID revealed two distinct compositions. Apocarotenoid derivatives characterized the essential oil of the aerial part; the major compound was hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (23.2%) followed by geranylacetone (12.5%) and cis-hexenyl-3-benzoate (11.1%). While the abundance of fatty acid marked the fruit essential oil. The noticed major compounds were 2-pentadecanone (16.9%), dodecanoic acid ethyl ester (14.5%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (13.0%). Such chemical composition may explain the traditional use of Ziziphus lotus as a drug to treat various pathologies.
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References
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31. Bonikowski R, Świtakowska P, Kula J. Synthesis, odour evaluation and antimicrobial activity of some geranyl acetone and nerolidol analogues. Flavour Fragr J. 2015; 30(3): 238-244.
2. Tepe B, Sokmen M, Sokmen A, Daferera D, Polissiou M. Antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of the essential oil and various extracts of Cyclotrichium origanifolium (Labill.) Manden. & Scheng. J Food Eng. 2005; 69(3): 335-342.
3. Mejri J, Abderrabba M, Mejri M. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Ruta chalepensis L: Influence of drying, hydro-distillation duration and plant parts. Ind Crops Prod. 2010; 32(3): 671-673.
4. Al-Saeedi AH, Al- Ghafri MTH, Hossain MA. Comparative evaluation of total phenols, flavonoids content and antioxidant potential of leaf and fruit extracts of Omani Ziziphus jujuba L. Pacific Sci Rev A Nat Sci Eng. 2016; 18(1): 78-83.
5. Richardson JE, Chatrou LW, Mols JB, Erkens RHJ, Pirie MD. Historical biogeography of two cosmopolitan families of flowering plants: Annonaceae and Rhamnaceae. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 2004; 359(1450): 1495-1508.
6. Xu C, Gao J, Du Z, Li D, Wang Z, Li Y, et al. Identifying the genetic diversity, genetic structure and a core collection of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. jujuba accessions using microsatellite markers. Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 1-11.
7. Maraghni M, Gorai M, Neffati M. Seed germination at different temperatures and water stress levels, and seedling emergence from different depths of Ziziphus lotus. South Afr J Bot. 2010; 76(3): 453-459.
8. Maciuk A, Lavaud C, Thépenier P, Jacquier MJ, Ghédira K, Zèches-Hanrot M. Four new dammarane saponins from Zizyphus lotus. J Nat Prod. 2004; 67(10): 1639-1643.
9. Benammar C, Hichami A, Yessoufou A, Simonin AM, Belarbi M, Allali H, et al. Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) modulates antioxidant activity and human T-cell proliferation. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010; 10-54.
10. Elaloui M, Ennajah A, Ghazghazi H, Ben Youssef I, Ben Othman N, Hajlaoui MR, et al. Quantification of total phenols, flavonoides and tannins from Ziziphus jujuba (mill.) and Ziziphus lotus (l.) (Desf). Leaf extracts and their effects on antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Int J Second Metab. 2016; 4(1): 18-26.
11. Ghedira K, Chemli R, Richard B, Nuzillard JM, Zeches M, Men-Olivier LL. Two cyclopeptide alkaloids from Zizyphus lotus. Phytochemistry. 1993; 32(6): 1591-1594.
12. Benammar C, Baghdad C. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Zizyphus lotus L aqueous extracts in wistar rats. J Nutr Food Sci. 2014; 8: 8-13.
13. Ghalem M, Merghache S, Belarbi M. Study on the antioxidant activities of root extracts of Zizyphus lotus from the western region of Algeria. Pharmacogn J. 2014; 6(4): 32-42.
14. Borgi W, Recio MC, Ríos JL, Chouchane N. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of flavonoid and saponin fractions from Zizyphus lotus (L.) Lam. South Afr J Bot. 2008; 74(2): 320-324.
15. Chouaibi M, Rezig L, Ben Daoued K, Mahfoudhi N, Bouhafa H, Hamdi S. Extraction of Polysaccharide From Zizyphus Lotus Fruits. Int J Food Eng. 2012; 8(3).
16. Borgi W, Bouraoui A, Chouchane N. Antiulcerogenic activity of Zizyphus lotus (L.) extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007; 112(2): 228-231.
17. Ghannadi A, Tavakoli N, Mehri-Ardestani M. Volatile constituents of the leaves of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) willd. From Bushehr, Iran. J Essent Oil Res. 2003; 15(3): 191-192.
18. Borgi W, Chouchane N. Anti-spasmodic effects of Zizyphus lotus (L.) Desf. extracts on isolated rat duodenum. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 126(3): 571-573.
19. Abdoul-azize S, Bendahmane M, Hichami A, Dramane G, Simonin AM, Benammar C, et al. Effects of Zizyphus lotus L.(Desf.) polyphenols on Jurkat cell signaling and proliferation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2013; 15(2): 364-371.
20. Bakhtaoui FZ, Lakmichi H, Megraud F, Chait A, Gadhi CE. Gastro-protective, anti-Helicobacter pylori and, antioxidant properties of Moroccan Zizyphus lotus L. J Appl Pharmac Sci. 2014; 4(10): 81-87.
21. Widad O, Hamza F, Youcef M, Jean-claude C, Gilles F, Pierre C, et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the fruit essential oil of Zizyphus lotus (L.) Desf. (Rhamnaceae). 2017; 9(2): 228-232.
22. Hou X, Rivers J, León P, McQuinn RP, Pogson BJ. Synthesis and Function of Apocarotenoid Signals in Plants. Trends Plant Sci. 2016; 21(9): 792-803.
23. Rosati C, Diretto G, Giuliano G. Biosynthesis and engineering of carotenoids and apocarotenoids in plants: State of the art and future prospects. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev. 2009; 26(1): 139-162.
24. Said A, Fawzy G, Abu talb ESA, Tzakou O. Volatile constituents of Zizyphus jujuba aerial parts and zizyphus spina-christii fruits from Egypt. J Essent Oil-Bearing Plants. 2010; 13(2): 170-174.
25. Eltz T, Hedenström E, Bång J, Wallin EA, Andersson J. (6R, 10R)-6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-one, a Dominant and Behaviorally Active Component in Male Orchid Bee Fragrances. J Chem Ecol. 2010; 36(12): 1322-1326.
26. Hentrich H, Kaiser R, Gottsberger G. Floral biology and reproductive isolation by floral scent in three sympatric aroid species in French Guiana. Plant Biol. 2010; 12(4): 587-596.
27. Williams NH, Whitten WM. Orchid Floral Fragrances and Male Euglossine Bees: Methods and Advances in the Last Sesquidecade. 1983; 164: 355-395.
28. Ramírez SR, Eltz T, Fritzsch F, Pemberton R, Pringle EG, Tsutsui ND. Intraspecific Geographic Variation of Fragrances Acquired by Orchid Bees in Native and Introduced Populations. J Chem Ecol. 2010; 36(8): 873-884.
29. Balogun OS, Ajayi OS, Adeleke AJ. Hexahydrofarnesyl Acetone-Rich Extractives from Hildegardia barteri. J Herbs, Spices Med Plants. 2017; 23(4): 393-400.
30. Razavi SM, Nejad-Ebrahimi S. 2010. Phytochemical analysis and allelopathic activity of essential oils of Ecballium elaterium A. Richard growing in Iran. Nat Prod Res. 2010; 24(18): 1704-1709.
31. Bonikowski R, Świtakowska P, Kula J. Synthesis, odour evaluation and antimicrobial activity of some geranyl acetone and nerolidol analogues. Flavour Fragr J. 2015; 30(3): 238-244.
Published
2021-10-06
How to Cite
(1)
Letaief, T.; Garzoli, S.; Ovidi, E.; Tiezzi, A.; Jeribi, C.; Abderrabba, M.; Mejri, J. Organ Dependency Variation of the Chemical Composition of Ziziphus Lotus Volatile Fractions. European Journal of Biological Research 2021, 11, 501-508.
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
