Understanding the phenomena of extraction of essential oils by the microwave accelerated distillation process: case of the Washington Navel variety
Keywords:
Orange peel, Essential oil, Extraction, Microwave, Hydrodistillation
Abstract
In this study, two techniques Hydrodistillation (HD) and Microwave-accelerated distillation (MAD), was used to extract essential oils (EOs), from the peels of citrus fruits Washington Navel (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) collected from Tipaza province, north Algeria during April 2018. The extraction yield and time of EOs were (0.28% and 180 min) using HD extraction and (0.27% versus 30 min) using MAD extraction. After using gas chromatography analyses (GC-FID) and (GC-MS), 21 aromatic compounds obtained and identified for both extraction approaches. On the other hand, and in order to better comprehension the extraction phenomena, two models of extraction processes were applied, The first one considers the existence of a single site with a constant speed ruled by the equation of the quasi-stationary state, whereas, the second assumes that there are two distinct sites: The first is part of the fraction easily accessible with a very high desorption rate k1 (fast fraction), the second contains the fraction that is difficult to extract, with a low desorption speed k2 (slow fraction). The results showed that, the application of the two sites model can describe accurately the used extraction methods in this study. The data from HD extraction modeling indicate that this method extraction is fast fraction (f equal 0.79), then MAD method (f equal 0.40).
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References
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2. Roussy G, Pearce JA. Foundations and industrial applications of microwaves and radio frequency fields. John Wiley and Sons. 1995.
3. Jacques K, Francis HM. La connaissance des huiles essentielles: qualitologie et aromathérapie: Entre science et tradition pour une application médicale raisonnée. Springer Science, Business Media. 2013; 226-256.
4. Chen XM, Tait AR, Kitts DD. Flavonoid composition of orange peel and its association with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Chemistry. 2017; 218: 15-21.
5. Begaa S, Messaoudi M. Toxicological aspect of some selected medicinal plant samples collected from Djelfa, Algeria Region. Biol Trace Element Res. 2019; 187(1): 301-306.
6. Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH, Mahajan RT. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ficus carica: A review. Pharmaceut Biol. 2014; 52(11): 1487-1503.
7. Messaoudi M, Begaa S. Dietary intake and content of some micronutrients and toxic elements in two algerian spices (Coriandrum sativum L. and Cuminum cyminum L.). Biol Trace Element Res. 2019; 188(2): 508-513.
8. AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation). Recueil de normes sur les huiles essentielles, 2nd edn. Paris. 1986.
9. Chemat F, Vian MA, Cravotto G. Green extraction of natural products: concept and principles. Int J Mol Sci. 2012; 13(7): 8615-8627.
10. Zhang QW, Lin LG, Ye WC. Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chinese Med. 2018; 13(1): 20.
11. Armenta S, Garrigues S, Esteve-Turrillas FA, de la Guardia M. Green extraction techniques in green analytical chemistry. Trends Anal Chem. 2019; 116: 248-253.
12. Kingston H M, Jassie LB. Introduction to microwave sample preparation. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1998.
13. Ganzler K, Salgo A, Valko KJ. Microwave extraction: a novel sample preparation method for chromatography. J Chromatog. 1986; 371: 299-306.
14. Ferhat MA, Meklati BY, Chemat F. Citrus d’Algérie: les huiles essentielles et leurs procédés d’extraction. Office des Publications Universitaires. 2010.
15. Chemat F, Smadja J, Lucchesi ME. Solvent-free microwave extraction of volatile natural substances. Brevet Américain, US 2004/0187340 Al. 2004.
16. Lucchesi ME, Chemat F, Smadja J. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. J Chromatog A. 2004; 1043: 323-327.
17. Lucchesi ME, Chemat F, Smadja J. An original solvent free microwave extraction of essential oil from spices. Flavour Fragr J. 2004; 19: 134-138.
18. Sahraoui N, Vian MA, El Maataoui M, Boutekedjiret C, Chemat F. Valorization of citrus by-products using Microwave Steam Distillation (MSD). Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol. 2011; 12(2): 163-170.
19. Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectroscopy. 4th edn., vol. 1. Illinois: Allured Pub Corp. 2007.
20. Chemat F, Smadja J, Lucchesi ME. Lösungsmittelfreie Mikrowellen-Extraktion von flüchtigen Naturstoffen. Brevet Européen, EP 1 439 218 A1, 2004.
21. Chemat F, Smadja J, Lucchesi ME. Solvent-free microwave extraction of volatile natural substances. Brevet Américain, US 2004/0187340 A1, 2004.
22. Ferhat MA, Meklati BY, Smadja J, Chemat F. An improved microwave clevenger apparatus for distillation of essential oils orange peel. J Chromatogr A. 2006; 1112: 121-126.
23. Paré JRJ, Bélanger JMR. Instrumental methods in food analysis. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1997.
24. Lucchesi, ME, Smadja J, Bradshaw S, Louw W, Chemat F. Solvent free microwave extraction of Elletaria cardamomum L.: A multivariate study of a new technique for the extraction of essential oil. J Food Engin. 2007; 79(3): 1079-1086.
25. Chen SS, Spiro M. Kinetics of microwave extraction of Rosemary leaves in hexane, ethanol, and a hexane+ethanol mixture. Flavor Fragr J. 1995; 10: 101-112.
26. Cerf O. Tailing of survival curves of bacterial spores. J Appl Bacteriol. 1977; 42: 1-9.
27. Kubàtovà A, Jansen B, Vaudoisot J-F, Hawthorne SB. Thermodynamic and kinetic models for the extraction of essential oil from savory and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil with hot (subcritical) water and supercritical CO2. J Chromatogr A. 2002; 975: 175-188.
28. Chemat S. Contribution à l’étude de l’extraction de la carvone et du limonène à partir des graines de Carvi selon des procédés conventionnels, ultrasons et chauffage micro-ondes: Application à l’extraction de polluants organiques de type PCBs et à l’oxydation des acides humiques. Thèse de Doctorat USTHB, 2005.
29. PhysChem – Boiling Point Calculator 7.0. Advanced Chemistry Development, Toronto, 2004.
30. Von Rechenberg C. Theorie der gewinnung und trennung der ätherischen öle. Selbstverlag. Von Schimmel & Co, Berlin, 1910.
31. Koedam A, Margaris N, Vokou D. Aromatic plants: basic and applied aspects. Martinus Nijhoff publishers, The Hague, 1982.
32. Anizon JY, Lemaire B, Surbled M. Extraction assistée par micro-ondes. Techniques de l'ingénieur. Agroalimentaire, 2003; 2(F3060): F3060-1.
33. Roussy G, Pearce JA. Foundations and industrial applications of microwaves and radio frequency fields. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 1995.
34. Ferhat MA, Meklati BY, Smadja J, Chemat F. Comparison of different isolation methods of essential oil from Citrus fruits: cold pressing, hydrodistillation and microwave ‘dry’ distillation, Flavour Fragr J. 2007; 22: 494-504.
Published
2020-06-06
How to Cite
(1)
Boutemtam, L.; Boukhatem, M.; Messaoudi, M.; Begaa, S.; Benarfa, A.; Ferhat, M. A. Understanding the Phenomena of Extraction of Essential Oils by the Microwave Accelerated Distillation Process: Case of the Washington Navel Variety. European Journal of Biological Research 2020, 10, 167-181.
Section
Research Articles
